Zinc
These two metals are commonly found associated with each other in several of Australia’s major mines. Australia is the dominant lead and zinc producer globally and accounts for 15 – 20% of global zinc and lead production. The country produced 654 000 t of lead in 2003 compared to 658 000 t in 2002. Concentrated zinc production was estimated at 1, 444 000 t in 2003 constant since 20002. Australia is the world’s 3rd largest mine producer of silver, after Peru and Mexico.
Australia’s lead, zinc and silver production provides just over 4% to Australia’s export earnings. Australia is primarily a zinc producer, with lead and silver being produced as by products. The new Cannington mine will soon boost Australia’s lead and silver production by 175 000t and 300t per year, respectively. Likewise the Century mine in Queensland will produce up to 6% of the world’s zinc production at full capacity. Australia’s major mines are situated in New South Wales (Broken Hill, Elura), Northern Territory (McArthur River), Queensland (Cannington, George Fisher, Mount Isa, Century) and Western Australia (Pillara, Golden Grove) and Tasmania (Hellyer, Rosebery). Australia’s major producers include Pasminco, BHP Billiton, MIM and Western Metals.
Pasminco’s Elura Mine is located 50km from the town of Cobar in New South Wales and produced 76 028t lead concentrate and 142 890 t zinc concentrate. Reserves at Elura are estimated at 12.1 Mt grading at 8.2% zinc, 4.9% lead and 58 g/t silver. The polymetallic Rosebery mine is located on the west coast of Tasmania. Unlike Pasminco’s other operations, Rosebery also produces copper and gold as a by product of its underground operation.
The Broken Hill Mine in New South Wales produced 147 964t of lead concentrate and 367 175t zinc concentrate in 2000. Ore reserve (indicated, measured and inferred) estimates for the main orebody, South Operation, are 20.2 Mt grading at 9% zinc, 5% lead and 53g/t silver. An agreement has been made with Perilya Ltd to acquire the Broken Hill facility, following Pasminco intentions of selling its mining assets to become a focused smelting and refining company. Perilya plans to extend the life of Broken Hill to exnted to beyond 2001 and hopes to produce 330 000 t zinc concentrate, 120 000 t lead concentrate and 2.3 Moz silver per year.
The opening of BHP Billiton's Cannington mine in northwest Queensland will significantly impact Australia’s lead and silver output. At full production, Cannington will supply as much as 6% of the world’s silver and 7% of the world’s lead production. Production should see an annual production of 51 000t zinc, 171 000t lead and 26 Moz silver. Cannington's lead production in 1999 was estimated at 180 000t lead concentrate, with forecasts for 2000 at 200 000t.
Mount Isa Mines (MIM) operate the Mount Isa Mine and the George Fisher Mine in Queensland and the McArthur River mine in Northern Territory. Production from the Mount Isa Mine is due to decline over the next few years as production from the nearby George Fisher mine is phased in. George Fisher has reserves estimated at 24 Mt grading at 9.1% zinc, 5.6% lead and 128 g/t silver. Mine commissioning is anticipated in mid 2000. MIM have a 70% interest in the McArthur mine.
Western Metals operate the Hellyer Mine in Tasmania as well as the Lennard Shelf operation in Western Australia that produces 170 000t zinc and 60 000t lead annually. The polymetallic Hellyer mine produces lead, zinc, silver, copper and gold from its underground mine situated on the West coast of the island.
Irish company Ivernia West plc are considering developing the Magellan lead deposit located 30km west of Wiluna in Western Australia. A final feasibility study has been completed for the project with capital costs estimated at $26 million to exploit the orebody with proven and probable reserves of 8.5 Mt grading 7.12% lead.
Compass Resources are busy evaluating the Browns Deposit, located just south of Darwin in the Northern Territory. The Browns Deposit is a polymetallic massive sulhide and has been estimated to contain 82 Mt grading 2.3 % lead, 0.12% cobalt, 0.77% copper and 0.11% nickel. The deposit's proximity to infrastructure and energy sources makes it one of the region's most potential developments.
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